The VEPR’s macroeconomic report on the fourth quarter of 2016 and on the year in summary said Vietnam’s economy showed signs of gradual recovery thanks to the manufacturing sector and stability in the agriculture sector, bringing the total annual growth rate to 6.21 percent. The fourth quarter GDP recorded growth of 6.68 percent, higher than that of the third quarter at 6.56 percent.
Shoppers at a BigC supermarket in Hanoi
The Vietnam Economic Performance Index (VEPI) also rose significantly in the fourth quarter, reaching 6.53 percent, 0.5 higher than in the third quarter, another indication of the economy’s strength.
With the purchasing managers index (PMI) maintained at over 50 points throughout 2016, an increase of 16.2 percent in the number of newly established businesses and a 48.1 percent increase in registered capital compared to 2015, the business sector had been a driving force for the economy.
Former Minister of Industry and Trade Truong Dinh Tuyen also agreed that the business sector, chiefly manufacturing and processing, had grown steadily. But he noted that employment and new jobs had decreased slightly from 2015, indicating a less labour-oriented economic structure.
The agricultural sector, accounting for 11 to 13 percent of total gross domestic product (GDP), only grew 0.72 percent during 2016 and only contributed 0.09 percent to total GDP growth, with aquaculture growing at 1.36 percent, the lowest in the past six years.
Pham Chi Lan, an independent economic researcher, said that the Government should focus more on agricultural development, as well as environmental protection and sustainable development.
Export turnover had a significant growth of 13.5 percent, while import turnover had a growth of 16.1 percent in the last three months of 2016, mainly due to price recovery.
The foreign exchange market stabilised after a year of applying the centre rate mechanism, though the exchange rates fluctuated wildly in the fourth quarter of 2016. Foreign exchange reserves continued to increase steadily in 2016, clocking in at a record 41 billion USD at the end of the year.
Monetary policy for 2016 was flexible and precise, with the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) staying close to the set inflation goal. Increases in capital flow, credit flow and capital mobilisation reached the planned figures set the by the SBV, while interest rates were kept stable thanks to the balance between capital and credit mobilisation. However, government control of inflation should be even more flexible in the coming year.
Decline in FDI
In addition to these mostly positive signs, other sectors of the economy declined, such as foreign direct investment disbursement with a slight downturn in the fourth quarter, despite a peak of 15.8 billion USD in anticipation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). FDI will possibly continue to shrink in light of plans by President-elect Donald Trump to abandon the TPP in 2017.
Furthermore, the Government budget deficit at 5.64 percent of total GDP was still over the set goal, though less than the previous year. The deficit was still at a severe level, with spending increasing regularly and shifts in revenue.
Domestic gold price showed a discrepancy with world gold prices in the fourth quarter, as the latter dropped after the Federal Reserve decided to increase interest rates while the former rose due to anxiety over the dollar exchange rates.
The real estate market continued to grow compared to the middle of the year, with both price index, supply and number of transactions going up, though hope for this market is slim due to foreseeable anxiety over future interest rates.
Regarding the year 2017’s expectation, VEPR asserted that the growth target of 6.7 percent set by the Government is somewhat improbable, with signs of inflation coming back making the inflation target of 4 percent hard to achieve, as well.
Nonetheless, experts at the institute have high hopes for the business sector as the Government is determined to reduce legal procedures for entrepreneurs and improve the investment climate.
Lastly, budget control will continue to be a challenge with infrastructure requiring significant spending, and public debt will accumulate even further. VEPR advised the Government to crack down on unnecessary spending to maintain a budget balance in 2017, and to be to changing world economic developments.
VEPR has provided quarterly economic reports since the beginning of 2016, supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade as part of a project of independent macroeconomic reports.
Source: VNA